Saturday, November 9, 2013

Aggregate Demand is a Strategy

There have been plenty of days when all I wanted to do was blame Bernanke for the troubles of the Fed, and then days when I understood why he might not sleep well at night. Indeed, he often worried about aspects of the economy which never should have been his to worry about in the first place - especially given the fact no other structured domain actually exists to coordinate vital elements at multi income levels. To be sure, aggregate demand in a monetary sense should be as simple as a nominal target. But presently, nominal targeting is a rejected option, which will likely continue to get hung up by those who lost interest in workable strategies, long ago.

Some days, representatives of aggregate demand almost seem like underdogs, which are trying to be heard above the fray of tight money "white noise". Other days they're more like a snarling bear which is defending her cubs, in fact when they're not busy snipping away at one another. Just the same, there is a lot to defend against all around, especially as some elements of the supply side status quo clamp down hard on any potential for future or present growth. Yep, I warned certain supply siders they were "in trouble' in my last post and so here goes: What if I told you that aggregate demand is the sum total of grand strategies, and supply side is but a maid servant for society's common vision sets? Someone is rolling around on the floor laughing right now, but think about it for a minute.

First, there is this beautiful quote that I came across earlier in the week, from Benjamin Graham (HT Farnam St):
In the short run the market is a voting machine, but in the long run it is a weighing machine.
Okay, people "vote" every day (to some degree, anyway) with the goods they consume, so what's up with that? Yes, but what do they consume those goods for? Is it just a matter of taking care of basic everyday activities or is there more at stake? Are those everyday activities somehow contributing to a further evolution of something else that is going on in the world around the individual consumer? If not, when why not? What's more, if the whole cycle finally becomes about finding ways to perpetuate what already came before, the "end of history" is never the static daydream it appears.

No matter how determined governments and their favored special interests want life to be predictable...no matter how much they would rather weigh their riches than vote on anything substantial in the present, life is still going to...change. And just as Heraclitus indicated long ago, we don't step into the same river twice.

Certainly however, people could be forgiven for worrying whether that is happening now. After plenty of breathless excitement in the past decade as to the end of scarcity and the rise of egalitarian non hierarchical structure we now have...a shortage of housekeepers and butlers for estates? While this certainly isn't the first time the WSJ has run such articles, the idea of expensive educations for glorified house sitting can nonetheless be a bit unsettling. Back to the above quote: who, exactly "voted" for this kind of work trajectory in the marketplace with their skills and time investments?

While we don't always think of individual work options as prime product, they remain part and parcel of the product that anyone would seek for identity in today's world. What's more, when robots are utilized, that should suggest further aggregate "room" for the complexity and capacity of the human mind, not less. Yet present economic realities still don't match up with how people expect to be able to create and generate wealth. After all, some of the biggest commitments of recent generations were taken on so that the human mind could be an active and vital part of the economic landscape.

Why has this investment turned out so differently (thus far) from other kinds of capital investments which took place in more concrete and recognizable terms? Could it have been that the ultimate goal of higher education for its paying investors, er, customers was that of making good citizens, rather than the direct participation of the citizen herself in the actual workings of society? If indeed that were the ultimate strategy, at the very least we got a long coast downhill from that lofty short sighted vision, until government's love affair with  McMansions and thirty year mortgages could no longer sustain it. Higher education almost appears as an intellectual form of polygamy, in which a lack of belief in total economic participation on the part of a populace results in "harems" of educators, to substitute for knowledge generation and manifest destiny on the part of the masses.

In a sense, much of the social evolution from more than 100 years ago, can also be thought of as aggregate demand strategies, even if they weren't consciously thought of in those terms. Whatever any one thinks of the progressive movements of those times, let alone some of the dubious results of the present, the fact remains that multiple strategies were playing out, all of which had plenty of effect on the world stage. A lot of people had visions for the future which quite frequently didn't mesh up with the visions and ideas of others. Just the same, they saw massive new wealth formations in their midst and reacted in kind. In the process, these mass movements led to multiple outcomes of which people also "voted" with their own participation. In many instances, these movements also interacted directly with governments, which ultimately led to some of the rigidities of the present.

However, before such rigidities had a chance to materialize, a lot of economic evolution intervened. Long before aggregate supply ever "became" Mars and aggregate demand "became" Venus, Venus was calling a lot more moves regarding wealth creation than anyone would have suspected from the dance itself - a dance especially apparent a century earlier.  After all, there was incredible potential from the new wealth possibilities of that time, and the societal response in turn dramatically shaped the previous wealth creation in ways that augmented and made it more complex and meaningful than before.

The reality is that we should have been working on better strategies for integrated working and life provisions - at the very least - thirty years ago. Such efforts need representatives from all walks of life, to coordinate better strategies amongst all income classes for the big three: having families, innovating new ways to "keep stuff" and more reasonable ways for everyone to "get around" that work for even the "sparrows". And the fact that we have not is to a large degree also responsible for the fact that federal prison populations have increased eight fold in the last thirty years. That is not even counting the increases in state prison populations. Much of this is not easy to turn around because the war on drugs is entrenched into society in both social and economic dimensions.

We get stupid wars on drugs when people at the highest levels think that life can continue on as usual, even when policymakers remain clueless as to ongoing realities. And then those policymakers turn around with the worst psychological projection imaginable, by making it even more difficult for other countries which suffer the same drug ridden fates.

Because too few bothered to connect the dots between positive human motivations and economic realities, the U.S. settled for drug wars instead. The cost of the escape for all those "losers", provides money for drug suppliers and in turn, local governments who put both these groups into jail and confiscate their belongings for local, state and national coffers. In other words, it is not easy to do away with this unfortunate consolation "gift" of government to local economies (security goodies and property confiscation rights) for the loss of true economic activity, without looking to see what could take its place. While having plenty of guns is an understandable right, the economic importance this facet of life has taken on, starts to look more and more like the economies of broken nations, something that continues to be exacerbated at national levels by decisions on the part of millionaires for the lives of everyone else.

And all signs point to the dire need of knowledge based economies at local levels, so that those who profit from drugs and also escape to them because of empty lives, will have better options. Such options would make reliance on drugs or drug money in any form, mostly unnecessary. No one can expect the millionaires in Washington to know how to accomplish this, because the lives these individuals live are quite different from those of many in the nation. The rest of the U.S. needs new and better ways to tend to the daily details of their realities. Yet governments continue to put away people they don't know what else to do with, because no one has been able to have the kinds of national conversations about life direction which were once possible.

None of us need give up on the investments we have made in ourselves over the better part of our lives, and if we work together to create clear paths for the future, no one need give up on aggregate demand for what we can create on our own. Today's gold mines are about the hope we have in ourselves, and the ways we translate that in economic realities. To tap into this gold mine, we recognize the degree it already exists in ourselves, even as our governments have lost the ability to recognize that. We don't need to convince governments we are worthy of their support, we need to convince ourselves that our own efforts for societal and economic inclusion are worthy of support. Together, we can do far more to create further wealth than our governments can yet imagine, stuck as they are in the mire of austerity and entrenched interests.

Supply side limitations and morality plays may yet appear dominant. But without adequate buyers there cannot remain adequate sellers, to maintain a civilization. If people do not have either adequate reason or means to buy, not enough will be able to continue doing so. No one can forget that the very act of buying is also the act of participating on a world stage where much more is at stake than the simple item being purchased. No one can afford to forget the underlying currents of meaning which make people desire to leave their own "burrows" and come to the stage in the first place.

Friday, November 8, 2013

More on The Monetary Divide

...If only this "great divide" existed in a single "dimension," pertinent issues of the day could be somewhat more understandable. But it's not just the disconnect between representatives for aggregate supply and demand, which lacks any common (public) meeting place for discussion or mutual concern. There is also the equally thorny problem, regarding a lack of consensus that money remains the best tool for real growth in the present. Indeed, some see money as a "necessary evil", rather than a vital aspect of human economic interaction. One of the interesting things about the recent quiz I took re political stance: supply side leanings on the part of anyone who seemed Democrat in other respects, could completely undermine a liberal social identity, in the eyes of those who believe monetary blogs are for trolls and misfits.

One reason it is so difficult to make headway is the fact that there are competing contexts for the discussion itself. Even though this is an important time to make changes which could "stick" for the long run, they nonetheless need to be fully operational within a short run framework which has clarity and meaning. And the biggest problem in that regard is the fact that nominal targeting is still short in terms of aggregate demand. Even as third quarter growth came in better than expected, Kathleen Madigan of the WSJ points out that final sales growth lagged GDP increases in the first three quarters of 2013.

Like Brink Lindsey (HT Marcus Nunes) I am especially concerned about the long term prospects of monetary policy, in that even if NGDPLT were adopted right now, by no means would my blogging mission be complete. Just the same, as Britmouse points out in this post, too many supply siders are happy to remain on the sidelines, and act as though the difficulties of the Great Recession never even took place. He states that inflation has no place in macro and on that, I certainly agree. However his frustration also extends to endless rounds of productivity dialogue which seem to go nowhere and is used mostly for excuses. Thus, Britmouse stresses the need for a stable NGDP path while the supply side sorts through its own puzzle.

If only they would! What's more no one can afford to ignore them, just because they refuse to play the monetary game on fair and reasonable terms. Fine, I'm more than glad to be a pit bull and hang on so as to give them plenty of grief. Too many policy makers and supply siders have too little incentive to sort things out, especially when they are completely entrenched in the status quo. Indeed it is that status quo which makes people throw up their hands, even as I hope that representatives of the supply side can move forward and find common ground with aggregate demand goals. In fact - given the chance - not only would some tight money advocates reduce growth for the long term, but they would continue to thwart short term economic stability for the same reasons.

For many, this also comes down to a continued emphasis on credit channels as the primary or only means of economic growth - even as banks refuse to loan money. And for others, government is supposedly the main provider of all economic life - no matter how local and individualized. Both mindsets unfortunately imply no way forward for wealth creation, in the present. For in both circumstance, these particular camps still see little role for money printing, even though it has clearly made a big difference for economic outcomes in 2013. And of course as Scott Sumner indicated, he knows that weakness still exists, but QE has improved a situation - especially this year - which could have been much worse.

Some say that women hold more closely to personal takes on issues than men, and lately I feel as though I have been "true to form" in that regard. Regular readers know that I remain frustrated, that the vital importance of monetary issues remains lost on a large segment of the population. As Nick Rowe recently said, monetary policy is a bus that we all ride together. And unfortunately, too few recognize the significance of the bus itself. Both government and finance work in unison to make people feel as though monetary activity is not something integral to their own lives.

But anytime the public remains convinced that monetary matters can be left entirely for someone else to figure out, there will always be some among the responsible group who will be tempted to take advantage of the fact that the public doesn't really know what's going on. That's why the particular formation of responsibility for monetary printing never presents  a "final" solution. History has always pointed to a dearth of responsible and benevolent rulers: hence society has a much better chance at overall goal sets when it understands the most basic elements of how the economic game is played. Granted, while nominal targeting is still in relatively early stages of consideration, its actual importance to the entire game board remains far from understood. That's just another way of saying, there's lots more work to be done.

Wednesday, November 6, 2013

Incomes, Sticky Markets and the Consumption "Big Three"

While this post could apply to complex aspects of consumer choice (for there are indeed many), I felt it would be helpful instead to consider some of the most basic aspects of life. In other words, perhaps those who normally wouldn't associate economics with what people actually do, could possibly relate! (or so I endlessly hope) First let's cast all "touchy-feely" thoughts of Maslow pyramids and the like to the wind, and think about what all people are trying to accomplish - through strategies which meet with varying degrees of success at any income level. Decision making processes tend to revolve around these three things, and they often become the bigger part of one's identity in the process:
  1. Can I have a family?
  2. Can I keep stuff?
  3. Can I get around?
Heh, without the usual "consumption clothes", the big three almost sound like "slacker" material. Strip away the openly shared life decisions - however - and there it is. All of these involve huge consumption stories. As luck would have it, the same elements that make it easier to get and keep a job, are also the elements a job is supposedly able to buy. Where does one "board" that moving target in recessionary times, when there aren't enough "musical chairs" to go around? At best, much in the way of low income work is temporary, thus may not lend itself to any of the big three in any permanent sense.

Unfortunately in the U.S., answers of "no" to all of the big three can often mean prison time as well. But more importantly: whether or not these conditions are adequately met by supply side scenarios, plays a tremendous role in whether a plethora of consumer options can be fully explored in the course of one's lifetime - discretionary income or no. Typically, those with mid range to upper level income often find ways to take care of these issues and then some, but at least two things affect how: cultural inclinations or the degree to whether one enjoys their work more than their free time.

A typical example of cultural choice aspects is this post from Parke Wilde. The details about his family are familiar material in many a magazine article or conversation: indeed this is one way lots of people in the U.S. think about maximizing choice in a larger sense. Some in the middle class also compensate by living in cities which are not valued in "exclusive" terms - which certainly applies to Texas, for instance. A small percentage of adventurers may decide to opt (mostly) out of the first and second of the "big three", just to make the most of the third choice. Perhaps lesser known as well are examples of families which decide to live in countries where  purchasing power parity restores lifestyle choices once possible in developed countries. From time to time there have been interesting stories in this regard, in Scott Sumner's comment thread.

On the other hand, the stories that lower income levels have to tell about the big three, tend to be more popular in various fiction formats - rather than "how to" articles - for obvious reasons. Generally, those who are unemployed or else lower income, tend to compensate by leaving out elements which others consider essential - out of necessity. Plus, if these three criteria aren't always possible to meet through one's own abilities, by no means is this easy to explain to others - even in a level headed and rational sense.

Unless people experience these circumstance for themselves, the shift in perspective can often be too foreign to contemplate. Indeed - a focused, determined attempt to salvage all three elements for the sake of continued normalcy, can of itself lead to actions which make little sense to others and that one may regret afterward. How to know, when to just let go? And unfortunately, once loss is experienced in these areas of life, one can't always think about it rationally or logically after the fact.

It's no longer enough to be resourceful, for definitions of livability continue to move upward even with polarized incomes. In other words, methods of "getting by" which were once admired, now are often illegal instead. One recent example involved a couple doing some time in prison, who found a way to make a home for their children in a school bus, cared for by an aunt. When the situation was "found out" and quickly deemed untenable, I had to wonder: how would the municipality have reacted, had the imprisoned couple simply left their children homeless? Fortunately the community came to everyone's rescue and had some compassion for the couple who would be back with their children soon. Too many stories don't turn out so well.

There are countless legal ambiguities for lower income levels, which need to be resolved. These ambiguities exist across the entire spectrum: be it bankruptcies, family law, business, property and personal matters. All of these issues make it very difficult for those with lower incomes to plan for long term contingencies, once they reach a certain point in the big three. What's more, too many attorneys are willing to take these cases, even though they already know beforehand that little to nothing can be done to help their clients.

Uncertainty about legal matters - let alone too much solitude and increasing isolation - can also be big contributors to health issues. Because too much vital decision making does not have the same elements of voluntary choice as those with higher incomes, a certain amount of shame is involved. Consequently it is not easy to share such burdens with one another and there is less trust all around.

Efficient markets for low income do not have easy or ready solutions. But the fact that so little has been accomplished so far, only means that the clamor for "livable incomes" will get louder. And unfortunately, raising aggregate income levels (with no measurable wealth gain other than consumer demand for non innovated markets) means an equilibrium still out of balance. In other words, it would continue to exacerbate the income divide and yet still leave too many individuals lacking economic access.

Instead of increasing the divide even further, the marketplace could instead work to narrow it by leaving room for greater resourcefulness, creativity and innovation than currently exist. Break up sticky markets, break up the idea that no growth is possible, break apart the idea that the world has to look exactly as it does now in the years ahead. Everyone deserves better than this.

Update - a good post for this link, as to per capita miles driven, eight year decline:
http://www.ssti.us/2013/02/per-capita-vmt-ticks-down-for-eighth-straight-year/

Midweek Market Monetarist Links and Summaries - 11/6/13

Earlier in the week, Yichuan Wang (at Noahpinion) assures us that even though MP swaps assets, that doesn't make it any less useful:
http://noahpinionblog.blogspot.com/2013/10/of-course-monetary-policy-is-asset-swap.html

Latest updates of Hawtrey's Good and Bad Trade, from David Glasner
http://uneasymoney.com/2013/10/30/hawtreys-good-and-bad-trade-part-viii-credit-money-and-banking-systems/
http://uneasymoney.com/2013/11/04/hawtreys-good-and-bad-trade-part-ix-an-endogenous-cycle/
The Bank of France had a significant role in the Great Depression:
http://uneasymoney.com/2013/11/03/eureka-paul-krugman-discovers-the-bank-of-france/

Never at any time in the Great Recession has monetary policy been accommodative (Bonnie Carr):
http://dajeeps.wordpress.com/2013/11/02/bernanke-feds-game-of-rope-a-dope-why-interest-rates-are-a-lousy-indicator-of-policy-stance/
Bonnie has a follow up here: http://dajeeps.wordpress.com/2013/11/06/on-christina-romer-and-follow-up-bernanke-feds-rope-a-dope/

Spain sees a (small) gain! - in graphs from Marcus Nunes:
http://thefaintofheart.wordpress.com/2013/10/31/desperate-to-please-the-case-in-which-0-1-is-a-significant-quantity/
Sometimes, a blueprint - let alone significant knowledge of the situation - turns out to be not enough:
http://thefaintofheart.wordpress.com/2013/11/01/bernankes-blueprint-didnt-pan-out/
No kidding: http://thefaintofheart.wordpress.com/2013/11/01/when-the-wsj-starts-writing-about-deflation-take-notice/
A substantial turnaround on the part of Jeffrey Lacker:
http://thefaintofheart.wordpress.com/2013/11/02/caught-with-his-pants-down/
Re: Matt O'Brien's Atlantic article which Marcus highlighted. How could anyone say - with a straight face - that Spain's natural rate of unemployment is 24%?
http://thefaintofheart.wordpress.com/2013/11/02/a-german-obsession-usually-proves-to-be-costly/
Marcus utilizes the Meade-Swann diagram to illustrate U.S. role for Korean adjustment in Asia crisis:
http://thefaintofheart.wordpress.com/2013/11/03/the-us-during-the-asia-crisis-a-paradigm-for-germany-today/
In charts, the ECB has passed the "stupidity threshold": http://thefaintofheart.wordpress.com/2013/11/03/how-disconnected-can-you-be/
Remember when Mark Carney said, "Under NGDP targeting, bygones are not bygones":
http://thefaintofheart.wordpress.com/2013/11/05/how-has-forward-guidance-fared/

Lars Christensen gets right to the point - deflation is already at the doorstep:
http://marketmonetarist.com/2013/11/01/end-the-euro-crisis-now-with-a-10-m3-target/
Ambrose Evens-Pritchard quotes Lars in this Telegraph article:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financialcrisis/10428955/EU-opens-door-to-showdown-with-Germany-on-trade-surplus.html

Nick Rowe says that monetary policy is like a bus, because we're all on it together:
http://worthwhile.typepad.com/worthwhile_canadian_initi/2013/10/on-letting-the-market-set-interest-rates.html
Also,
http://worthwhile.typepad.com/worthwhile_canadian_initi/2013/11/pictures-of-adverse-selection-in-an-insurance-market-with-and-without-death-spirals.html

What would have happened without the recent QE? James Pethokoukis of AEI highlights some interesting research as well:
http://www.aei-ideas.org/2013/11/did-the-feds-qe-bond-buying-prevent-a-deep-2013-recession-in-the-us/

November essays from Cato Unbound, "The Federal Reserve at 100", Scott Sumner's essay is on November 8th: http://www.cato-unbound.org/issues/november-2013/federal-reserve-100

Scott Sumner links to a Buttonwood post at the Economist, "The Disinflation Phenomenon":
in The Eurozone Great Depression
The post title says it all: Brad Delong, sounding unusually market monetarist, calls a Nobel Prize-winning believer in liquidity traps a "dumbass"
Scott takes issue with the statistics that are often used to "prove" income realities:
What it means to be "rich" in America
In Whose Side Are You On? Scott links to a new web site that calculates political "leanings". Not surprisingly, my results were close to his.
While this post makes me feel "better" re family and friends finding Market Monetarism confusing, it doesn't encourage me that nations can steer their way clear of economic disaster:
The Eurozone Great Depression

This link is one of the big reasons I rant endlessly about local and national supply side issues. The Economist illustrates one of the more unsettling aspects of the U.S. today - an Institute for Justice story: http://www.economist.com/news/united-states/21588915-how-prosecutors-seize-assets-innocent-grabbing-hand-law

Sunday, November 3, 2013

The Law Of One Price vs. "Pesky" Variances in Income

Sometimes I think about the Overton Window and the fact that it's not apparent whether I "reside" in it. Yet when I consider the fact that I seem to be outside of it, exactly which way would that be? Glen Beck's direction? Argh. Marxism, perhaps? Heck no. But here's the problem. Political dialogue often revolves around trying to fit square pegs into round holes. Why so? To a certain degree at least: the law of one price - let alone product offerings - versus wild variances in income. People routinely twist themselves into pretzels trying to make sense of it all. The law of one price applies especially when product is readily observable (and understandable) to all, but when product turns out to be heavily regulated or of subjective value, trouble ensues...

The Wikipedia page has some helpful information on the law of one price and this paragraph includes a brief summary. Basically a good sells for one price in all locations and is the basis for purchasing power parity. Exceptions include the same item selling for different prices at different times, less than perfect info on part of buyer, and local non tradable goods such as land and labor. It's not hard to see how these three exceptions create problems in local and regional markets.

And sometimes the whole process can break down - or apart - when product definitions become needlessly straitjacketed. Local, state and national non tradable goods often become "sitting ducks" for further requirements and pages of regulation: especially after many local tradable goods have already had "all the fun they can stand" so leave the premises. In these unlovely circumstance,  fairness in one price terms often translates into "If I had to knock myself out just to make ends meet, you're not going to get a break!"

Plenty of present day local political discussion offers variations on this theme. Significantly the law of one price shouldn't present this quagmire, in a society where people were still closely linked to the production processes they use on a regular basis. Specifically, someone in a primitive society - if they were able to sum up our situation - might be forgiven for wondering if we were dingbats.

Just one downside of governments benefiting from special interests in (sitting duck) non tradable markets, is trying to mandate the one price laws which everyone expects, after all the regulatory "goodies" and high fives have already been passed around. How does one give special privilege and yet take it away in the same motion? That is the sleight of hand that Obamacare can't really accomplish. How to think differently about the process? Scott Sumner has a recent post which delves into a number of possibilities for healthcare. Were practices such as his suggestions adopted, many problems would indeed be solved for the long term. Just the same, providers in these circumstance would suffer considerable losses in prestige. For this reason alone, it is hard to find practical answers in a linear fashion.

Indeed, the law of one price is most difficult in knowledge use terms because it involves the greatest amount of rethinking re subjective realities. One way to approach the problem is to allow healthcare providers to serve customers directly without the mediation of government, which is the preferred choice of many Republicans today. However, advocates of a less government approach can often forget how many favors (in restrictions and valuations) were already extended to healthcare in the last century. That's what placed us in this predicament to begin with, and Obamacare is but a last ditch effort to deal with long term fallout from the ongoing process. Scuttling Obamacare now - with no further changes - just means further reducing an already crippled marketplace which would only become more limited over time, because of those past privileges.

What I suggest is just thinking about the scenario a bit differently. Say Obamacare didn't work out and there was in fact nothing to replace it. What then? I hate insurance. My Dad hates insurance (of any kind) so much he is probably one of the few individuals over 90 not actually enrolled in Medicare. So everyone "pretends" in this post that there's no insurance. (hmm maybe being outside the Overton window is something genetic I inherited...) Doctors should like this, and where they actually have practices they would probably go out of their way to give their patients and customers better deals. Because doctors deal with pricing on their terms, overall gain and patient/consumer satisfaction is likely.

But what I'm concerned about are the people who 1) live in multiple places where doctors can't or won't reach out to them, and 2) those who still don't have money to pay. What I suggest is that the doctors and other healthcare practitioners who desire to do so, teach these people how to help and heal themselves. In other words, give people the right to heal on terms that don't interfere with normal pricing systems.

While there are not yet recognizable means to do so, voluntary, completely decentralized systems could be set up in the next decade to make that happen. Monetary compensation would reflect arbitraged hour sets instead of "knighted" skills valuations, and local education would be able to internally smooth out differences in skills for those who use the system. Plus, our very limited time means that time arbitrage seeks out unique variations from one "price" (of "labor"), on individual terms. Local services digital "votes" (perhaps quarterly) indicate potential market directions. Also, coordinated teams, just in time knowledge use and robotics can adjust for difference in skills aptitude.

So that this would not become a problem for the law of one price in an overall sense, anyone who took part in such services would already need to be steeped in knowledge of how to use skills arbitrage in local voluntary systems. In other words we would be comparing apples to oranges, with two very different economic systems and ways of looking at time use in general. No one would have to yell about slackers "getting things unfairly" anymore, nor would they have to wrestle with meaningless political applications of one price theories.

Fortunately the law of one price is a bit simpler when it comes to something that is a product outside the use of our own time. Here, even though value is still subjective, it's not the extreme subjectivity that comes into play for healthcare and education in general. Thus, the problem is more one of special interest preference and gain, rather than concerns on the part of the public that product specifications are not being delineated "properly". For instance, today's hard delineations of skills use suggest equally hard delineations in land use definition as well. Just the act of freeing up skills use, would suggest counterparts in land use which could provide mobile and flexible options for the future.

Wednesday, October 30, 2013

Competition? Setting the Stage Still Matters

Why has competition basically come down to competing for favors in Washington, instead of for customers on Main Street? After all, Washington should not be the stage where anything (not directly government related) needs to be "sold". What's more, if the product has already been negotiated and endlessly strategized, there's a growing chance the consumer would just as soon pass on it. When real options exist for both production and consumption - attractive, diverse and easy to negotiate options which consumers actually want to buy: they don't have to be coerced or compelled to do so. What's more, if people really want what others desire to produce, innovation has a chance to flourish. This should be a given, right? I never thought I'd live to see the day that the biggest part of consumption feels like a dreary chore.

Small wonder that even as some question the value of a "free" market, others question whether any freedom is actually left. In part because producers and suppliers are competing with one another through governments - instead of directly appealing to customers - the economic stage is no longer set up to be accessible or relevant. When it appears that markets become "rigged" or otherwise captured by special interests, people lose interest in consumption.Thus much of the sustaining capacity of consumption is lost, as it becomes more of a necessity than enjoyment or at least social connectivity to others. Perhaps one exception exists: does "signaling" consumption feel good or just provide status? I scarcely knew what signaling was, in the most significant years of my shopping excursions.

To be sure, some continue to visit the better retail stores regularly, and have the discretionary income to be able to do so. But the product diversity which once existed in the U.S. is now shifting towards regions where mid to high range incomes are prevalent. Here the stage can still be found in tempting formations. Others? Not so much. Where efficiency meets budget consciousness, consumption becomes necessity. People buy in order to accommodate the needs of their lives. Once that is accomplished, purchases vary according to how local economies interpret staging elements - let alone whether they even consider such presentations important enough to preserve.

The degree to which people once enjoyed shopping in many regions of the country, must be something of a mystery to younger generations. Certainly it was my mother's favorite activity, and the one I shared most in common with her, besides our mutual love for non fiction books. Even one of my cousins recounted stories about my mother's love of shopping recently, at her passing. To be sure, a lot about those years when homes were filled with sought after treasures, may appear "overdone" by present day terms. But the very act of shopping generated a lot of positive social interaction, of a kind which hasn't quite been replaced in the present.

Today we say that competition "wins" the game for whatever people want the most, so we go with whoever or whatever wins. But how true is that? Yes the winners continue to power their way through the game. But some on the sidelines have wearied of even watching the primary economic action, as it becomes ever more limited - in spite of untapped worlds of possibility. There is still money to be made on the offerings societies consider necessary, but certainly not in every quarter. And much of the consumption that remains is not only "non-discretionary" in a developed nation sense: it is fiercely fought over in settings that scarcely resemble the marketplace that was born of spontaneity and dynamism.

Whatever one thinks of the more "discretionary" consumerism of the past: at least it provided shared experiences and commonalities for family and friends, which otherwise didn't always have a place to happen after the decline of agricultural life. Today those earlier downtown squares and even malls are being replaced by sports arenas, mega church multi environments and of course the digital realm, but none of these "replacement" stages are capable of providing settings where individuals can find their primary economic interconnectivity. All of these partial stages have a valuable purpose. But the main arena of economic interaction  - that mythical place where we're supposedly able to fulfill our identities and purpose - remains curiously absent.

Another odd aspect of today's "necessity" economy  is that a lot of us are no longer particularly inclined to dress up for it. In agricultural times, one looked forward to wearing their Sunday best, and in the heyday of office life, many of us looked forward to wearing our weekday best. To say that the marketplace is not "fun" the way it once was, must sound like a strange complaint for those who never really had a chance to experience it as such. Today's contrast to what the marketplace once offered in the U.S., is stark indeed.

Plus, when marketplaces of any kind are no longer enjoyable, this is just more "fuel for the fire" and the shouting begins: "markets don't work". Sometimes people insist that markets don't work because it appears that they were ruined by finance. But here the causation is backwards. Finance only took its "golden opportunity" when special interests - alongside governments - went too far with their constant demands as to the most basic products of our lives. In spite of the measured progress of recent decades regarding home valuations and lifestyles: in some ways this doesn't compare to the places that a "small time" discretionary income could once take you.

What might appear as discretionary high income consumption is often geared towards maintaining future economic stability - not exactly a high quality of life indicator on the Maslow pyramid. And finance products - while certainly useful, aren't exactly "bucket list" material in consumption based terms. Sometimes it seems as though finance just wants a nice long nap after the long party, so it's not interested whether the economic stage is in serious need of renovations.

If that were not enough, finance is far from ready to give up the right to host the next party invitation. Given the chance, the finance sector would keep the keys to a now locked room (tight money), so that it gets to open the door first once the marketplace has a chance to flourish again - even if that might be decades away. Someone else needs the right to hold those keys, who is more willing to consider real progress in the present.

For centuries, the marketplace was our open commons where people could gather to be collectively intrigued, entertained, challenged and inspired. While elements of this meeting place still exist in the digital realm, it remains highly problematic that no stage presently exists where all economic activities can coalesce. We need to imagine a new stage where competition works again at the individual level: where people come together for no better reason than they want to, not because they have to. After all, the product we remember fondly for the course of our lives is that which we choose freely. Much of the rest is forgotten.

Midweek Market Monetarist Links and Summaries - 10/30/13

Scott Sumner asks for MOAR! Heh, love the title. He reminds us that we've been falling short of the policy goal since 2008, let alone still falling short of that. In a similar vein, Nick Rowe, after becoming annoyed with a Bank of Canada MP report, posts this.
http://worthwhile.typepad.com/worthwhile_canadian_initi/2013/10/the-best-cure-for-easy-money-is-easier-monetary-policy.html
I especially enjoyed this insightful post from Nick:
http://worthwhile.typepad.com/worthwhile_canadian_initi/2013/10/immaculate-transfers-and-the-monetary-transmission-mechanism.html
And here, Scott responds to Nick, with Those Elusive Transmission Mechanisms
Elements of this post from JP Koning made me think of Nick's post, and JP also cites an article on Gresham's Law which George Selgin wrote.

More from Scott Sumner - is it a simple test?
How to tell if you understand monetary economics
And then, there are lifestyle illusions: Liberalism and inequality
Will wealth distribution ever make sense? On becoming  reactionary
I don't always link to the more politically oriented posts but everything about this one was spot on: Pants on Fire

Marcus Nunes takes a closer look at those "pesky bubbles":
http://thefaintofheart.wordpress.com/2013/10/25/will-the-new-conventional-monetary-policy-target-imbalances-or-bubbles/
Marcus also links to this Ambrose Evans-Pritchard article, which points out that Europe is replacing Japan as world epicenter of policy error: http://thefaintofheart.wordpress.com/2013/10/24/screw-your-courage-to-the-sticking-plate/
Who would have imagined the same mistakes as 1938? Marcus provides illustrations as to why "animal spirits" went wild: http://thefaintofheart.wordpress.com/2013/10/24/animal-spirits-react-to-monetary-policy/
Because inflation is no longer a workable measure, those who continue to use it, find themselves trapped. http://thefaintofheart.wordpress.com/2013/10/27/trapped/
http://thefaintofheart.wordpress.com/2013/10/27/still-trapped/
Scott Sumner also gives us More reasons to ignore inflation and Statements that make no sense
Both Bill Woolsey and Marcus comment on a recent lecture by Christy Romer:
http://thefaintofheart.wordpress.com/2013/10/28/christy-romer-strikes-again/
http://monetaryfreedom-billwoolsey.blogspot.com/2013/10/romers-lecture-on-monetary-policy.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+MonetaryFreedom+%28Monetary+Freedom%29

Bill Woolsey explains that while the interest rate could rise on government bonds, the problem isn't significant compared to what happens when the Fed increases interest rates by restricting growth in the quantity of money: Government Default and Financial Crisis
Café Hayek responds to an earlier David Henderson post re monopsony, the minimum wage and unskilled labor markets, and Bill Woolsey responds to Don Boudreaux in Monopsonistic Competition

This Nick Rowe post from earlier in the week (re house prices) includes lots of thoughtful commentary: http://worthwhile.typepad.com/worthwhile_canadian_initi/2013/10/random-thoughts-on-house-prices.html
Why aren't mutual funds or pension plans considered depository institutions? http://worthwhile.typepad.com/worthwhile_canadian_initi/2013/10/depository-vs-non-depository-financial-institutions.html
"Bubble" is just another word for...Ponzi schemes? And will it be robots, or retirement?
http://worthwhile.typepad.com/worthwhile_canadian_initi/2013/10/asset-prices-and-the-retirement-revolution.html

Interesting perspective from Yichuan Wang, (Quartz article) as to moving children and elderly into the cities:
http://synthenomics.blogspot.com/2013/10/quartz-china-can-boost-consumption-by.html

Just as Marcus Nunes told David, I'm not sure this even qualifies as a post! David Glasner spent nearly a week putting it together, well worth the read: http://uneasymoney.com/2013/10/25/microfoundations-aka-macroeconomic-reductionism-redux/

James Pethokoukis provides video of the recent Alan Greenspan interview on The Kudlow Report, where Greenspan "forgot" the role of NGDP. Other quite useful links in this post as well.
http://www.aei-ideas.org/2013/10/greenspan-market-monetarism/102913kudlowgreenspan/

Also of interest:
From the Economist - A Natural Long Term Rate
http://www.economist.com/news/finance-and-economics/21588354-central-banks-ignore-century-old-observation-their-peril-natural
A good article from Maria Konnikova about online commenting. (She is the author of Mastermind: How to Think Like Sherlock Holmes) http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/elements/2013/10/the-psychology-of-online-comments.html